da Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria
Surveying the research on marijuana in Brazil is a difficult undertaking, especially because until the 1950s or 1960s Brazilian scientific journals had an ephemeral life, were not indexed, and many of them cannot be found in libraries today.
In an incomplete review, the Brazilian Center of Information on Psychotropic Drugs (CEBRID, in the Portuguese acronym) listed a total of 470 Brazilian scientific articles related to marijuana published on the 20th and 21st centuries, only 39 of which were published until 1955. The two first articles date back to 1934 and were written by J. Lucena and published in the scientific journals Arquivos da Assistência aos Psicopatas de Pernambuco (Archives of Assistance to Psychopaths of the State of Pernambuco) and Revista Médica de Pernambuco (Pernambuco Medical Journal). Lucena and his colleagues were probably the most prolific researchers at that time, giving their State the deserved honor and describing the symptoms presented by marijuana users in the articles "Marijuanism and hallucinations", "Marijuana smokers in Pernambuco", "Chronic marijuanism and psychosis", "Some evidence on marijuana smokers", and others published in the previously mentioned journals and in Revista Neurobiologia (Journal of Neurobiology). It was at that time, between 1930 and 1940, that the repression to the use of marijuana gained strength in Brazil with the publication, by several Brazilian researchers, of articles with startling titles: "The evils of marijuana", "Marijuana – Brazilian opium", "The social dangers of marijuana", "Toxicomanias", "Marijuana intoxicated individuals in Porto Alegre", "Addiction to Liamba in the state of Pará – a toxicosis that reappears amongst us", etc.). In the same period, law enforcement actions were set off against marijuana breeders and users, supported by Federal Law Decree 891 of November 25, 1938.1